https://myresearchjournals.com/index.php/Apjnp <p class="leadleft">Asian Pacific Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences (APJNH) is an international journal published Bi annually. It is a peer reviewed journal aiming to communicate high quality original research work, reviews, short communications, case report and Letter to editor, technical notes, nurse education that contribute significantly to further the scientific knowledge related to the field of nursing and health sciences. Articles with timely interest and newer research concepts will be given more preference.</p> <p class="leadleft">All articles published in this journal represent the opinion of the authors and not reflect the official policy of the Asian Pacific Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences [APJNH]. All papers are subjected to double blinded peer-review.</p> Academy of Health Professionals en-US ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF NURSING AND HEALTH SCIENCES 2581-7442 https://myresearchjournals.com/index.php/Apjnp/article/view/7680 In December of 2019, an outbreak of a disease began at Wuhan, China and would later be named the coronavirus disease2019 (covid-19) by the World Health Organization and further declared a global pandemic. Since the onset of this disease, the pattern of day to day activities had been disrupted in a bid to curb this menace to society. This paper work touches on basic viral classification, as well as structure of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the main causative agent of covid-19. This review work also sheds light on symptoms associated with this disease, mode of transmission, method of diagnosis and medications available in treating the symptoms. Potential vaccines available in India are also discussed here. Gift Eyareosowo Oden Himmat Singh Santosh Kumar Singh Abhay Raizada Gaurav Gupta ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2021-06-25 2021-06-25 4 01 1 4 https://myresearchjournals.com/index.php/Apjnp/article/view/7681 Objectives: This pilot study determined the general and dental health status; perceived medical and dental treatment needs of an elderly population dwelling in residential homes in Himachal Pradesh (India).Method: Subjects were chosen from OPD of Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Himachal institute of dental sciences, Paonta sahib, (H.P) between April 2020 – April 2021. (N=133, female: 71 and male: 62) were involved in this study. A detailed questionnaire was prepared and dental examinations were conducted. Information was collected related to age, education levels, financial status, current physical functional status, general health, mental health, previous dental history, current dental status, oral hygiene practices and denture hygiene of these elderly people. The prevalence of edentulism, the presence and type of dental prostheses, dental and denture status and denture cleanliness were further evaluated.Results: The three most prevalent reported general health problems were associated with Genito-urinary problems (24%) followed by cardiovascular (18%) and respiratory problems (14%) varying significantly between genders, with males suffering more from cardiovascular problems than females (p less than 0.05). Females showed significantly higher gastrointestinal and orthopaedic problems than males (p less than 0.05). Females were more frequently edentulous than males but denture hygiene was significantly better in females than in males (p less than 0.05). Brushing frequency did not significantly increase denture hygiene (p = 0.6). More than one-third of the subjects had not been to the dentist within the previous 5–10 years, mainly due to lack of demand, followed by the cost of the dental care and fear. More than two-thirds of denture-wearing subjects wore their dentures only during eating. Utkarsh Shishodia Sukreeti Krishan Subham Sharma Vaibhav Anand Mohit Kaushik ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2021-06-25 2021-06-25 4 01 5 11 https://myresearchjournals.com/index.php/Apjnp/article/view/7682 Introduction: Coronary Heart Disease can result in impaired quality of life which can inhibit an early recovery with successful outcomes for cardiac patients. Objective: To investigate the effect of a structured cardiac education and early intervention cardiac rehabilitation program on quality of life in cardiac patients involving caregivers. Method: A quasi experimental study with a purposive sampling was carried out where 132 acute coronary syndrome patients hospitalized for treatment were recruited and allocated to the experiment and control group with and without caregivers. A structured educational intervention and cardiac rehabilitation was initiated for the experimental group with and without caregivers. The outcome was measured using the World Health Organization Quality Of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument.Results: Data was measured with repeated measures ANOVA between baseline, discharge and follow-up between the intervention and control group with p less than 0.05 There was a statistically significant difference in QOL in both the groups with and without caregivers in the following domains: psychological health (F=3.784, p=0.002); social relationship (F=4.267, p=0.000) and environment (F=3.578, p=0.004). There was not a statistically significant difference between both the groups in the physical health domain (F=1.316, p=0.266).Conclusion: The results indicated that a structured cardiac educational intervention and cardiac rehabilitation with the involvement of the caregivers have significant effects on the quality of life of cardiac patients. The findings provide useful evidence to improve health outcomes of acute coronary syndrome patients involving the caregivers. Ruthpackiavathy Rajen Durai Khairuddin Idris Oteh Maskon Muhammad Hibatullah Romli Najibah Abdul Razak ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2021-06-25 2021-06-25 4 01 12 21 https://myresearchjournals.com/index.php/Apjnp/article/view/7683 In addition to the so-called small molecule drugs, proteins and peptides are of increasing interest for pharmacotherapy, due to several advantageous properties. In general, those compounds are administered parenterally. However, non-invasive routes of administration represent a great part of research. Amongst others is the pulmonary application of proteins and peptides for local delivery in the case of pulmonary diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, where the alveolar epithelium is affected. To ensure an intracellular delivery, nano particles in a size range of 150 nm will be prepared via charge-mediated coacervation, characterized for their physicochemical properties and loaded with several model-proteins. The material used for nano particle preparation was chosen to be positively and negatively charged starch derivatives, which were synthesized from potato starch. Although nano particles in that size range are known to show an increased cell uptake, they do not show a high deposition in the deep lung. Thus, an advanced carrier system consisting of a fast dissolving micro particle matrix with embedded starch nano particles will be developed and characterized. Due to its aerodynamic properties, that carrier system must be able to deposit a high fraction of the applied dose in the deep lung (~50%), while at the same time demonstrating (in in vitro models) the ability to facilitate uptake of starch nano particles into cells of the alveolar epithelium after fast dissolution of the micro particle matrix. Praveen Tahilani D. P. Chatterjee ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2021-06-25 2021-06-25 4 01 22 34 https://myresearchjournals.com/index.php/Apjnp/article/view/7684 Mucocele is a clinical term that basically includes two phenomenon i.e. mucus extravasation and mucus retention. Cysts arising in connection with minor salivary glands are common and about 90 per cent of cases are of the mucous extravasation type. These lesions are typically painless, dome-shaped, and fluctuant; they appear blue in colour secondary to the presence of mucin under the mucosa. The vesicular appearance created by the superficial nature of the mucin spillage, causes a separation of the epithelium from the connective tissue. The pathologist must be aware of this lesion and should not mistake it microscopically for a vesiculo-bullous lesion, especially mucous membrane pemphigoid. Here, we present a case report on mucocele with a brief review. Kalpna Thakur Lucky Jindal Nitish Bhat ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2021-06-25 2021-06-25 4 01 35 37