Treatment and Management of Nocturnal Enuresis: A Review

Abstract

Nocturnal Enuresis (NE) is the involuntary passing of urine whileasleep after the age at which bladder control would normally be prevised. NE has hassled humans for hundreds of years. It has been recognized since the time of Papyrus Ebers, 1550 B.C. Various potions were prepared by using different plants, animals or organs in some of the early treatment modalities. A number of medications have been used to treat nocturnal enuresis where, Imipramine and Desmopressin acetate were found to be efficacious. Besides, some credit has also been given to Oxybutynin. Because of the high relapse rates recited after short-term therapy with pharmacotherapeutic agents, pharmacological treatment for NE is best considered as management therapy rather than a cure. In this review article, we have mainly focused on the treatment and management of nocturnal enuresis by reviewing various treatment modalities along with behavioural modifications, bladder retention training, hypnotherapy, psychotherapy and combination therapy.