Design and In-vivo Evaluation of Quercetin Nanosponges-based Buccal Tablets of Quercetin

Abstract

The objective was to increase the bioavailability of quercetin by creating a controlled release formulation using nanosponges based on cyclodextrin. Based on the early testing, a 3-factor, 3-level Box-Behnken design with quercetin was loaded into nanosponges using the freeze-drying process. The prepared nanosponges were examined after being described and made into tablets. The quercetin-loaded nanosponges have particle sizes ranging from 36.45 to 135.27 nm, encapsulation efficiencies ranging from 42.37 to 88.44%, and drug release percentages at 6 hours ranging from 53.04 to 82.64%. The FTIR, DSC, and XRD investigations validated the Quercetin interaction with nanosponges. The medicine released from the nanosponges buccal tablets in-vitro at a rate of 99.75%, and stability testing showed no significant changes within six months after the nanosponges were transformed into tablets. In-vivo studies in rats showed that quercetin optimised nanosponges tablets Cmax of 6.27 ± 0.06 ng/mL was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the pure drug’s Cmax of 3.07 ± 0.086 ng /mL. Both the nanosponges tablet formulation and the pure drug suspension had Tmax values of 4.0 ± 0.07 and 0.5 ± 0.08 h, respectively. The nanosponges tablet formulation had a greater AUC0-infinity (38.54 ± 0.65 ng.h/mL) than the pure drug suspension formulation 7.84 ± 1.08 ng.h/mL. In comparison to the pure drug, the nanosponges tablet formulation had a considerably greater AUC0-t (p<0.05). Poorly soluble quercetin tablets developed for regulated drug delivery showed enhanced complexing ability with increased bioavailability using cyclodextrin-based nanosponges.