ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA FROM SALINE HABITAT (GIR-SOMNATH DISTRICT): AS BIOFERTILIZER

Abstract

Human population in the world is increase day by day but land for agriculture purpose is limited and it will reduce with time. So food security is most important problem for world. Increase agriculture production farmers are applying excessive chemical pesticides and fertilizer, it may upset the soil health and ecosystems, biofertilizer contains plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), endo-and ectomycorrhizal fungi, cyanobacteria and many other useful microscopic organisms led to improve nutrient uptake and maintain soil health. In present study, free living nitrogen fixing bacteria isolated from 10 different villages of the Gir-Somnath district, Gujarat (near to sea costal area and salinity affected), 27 Nitrogen fixer isolates have been selected and performed ARA (Acetylene reduction assay) to study their nitrogen fixation efficiency, potent isolates were checked (nitrogen fixing efficiency) with different pH, Salt and temperature range, Indole acetic acid activity (IIA), pesticides tolerance activity, ammonia production activity and siderophore activity were performed on isolates, prepared biofertilizer (individual isolates, mixture of isolates) and carried out plant growth promotion activities on wheat plants(Pot study experiments). Isolates and their mixture culture supported best plant germination (wheat plants) compare to standard biofertilizer (available from market), CHN01 isolates belongs to myroides spp, SUN13 isolates may belongs to Beijerinckia fluminensis, DHN14 isolates belongs to Agrobacterium tumefaciens.,PRN18 isolates belongs to Delftia Spp.,SAN26 isolates belongs to Paenibacillus spp. Phylogenitic tree was constructed of isolates by using neighbouring method from distance matrices by MEGA-X software Isolates were indigenous flora from saline habitat and gave best plant germination activities so, they can apply as biofertilizer in salinity affected area of the district.