Environment friendly methods for the management of soil borne diseases of crops

Abstract

Diseases, which are mass diseases that survive in the presence of micro-matrix and on the surface of micro-organisms, are defined as micro-borne diseases. Substandard production is considered a major problem. Micro-borne plant pathogens such as many wheat, cottonseed, maize, winter and ornamental forms can cause 50% to 75% yield loss. They can survive for long periods of time in the absence of the main crop host, often have a wide host range including weeds, chemical control of these often does not work well or is not practical or is too expensive and against. It is also very difficult to develop disease resistant varieties of plants. Symptoms common to plant dumping-off, root blackening, root rot, stunting, wilting, yellowing, bark cracking and twig or branch dieback Due to which the accurate diagnosis of a particular disease is difficult, which makes it difficult to control these diseases. While the use of fungicides against soil-borne plant pathogens may help manage some diseases, conversely, their frequent and indiscriminate use may lead to increased environmental and health concerns and development of fungicide resistance. Some eco-friendly methods such as crop rotation, soil solarization, anaerobic soil disinfection, soil vapor disinfection, bio-fumigation, disease-resistant varieties or grafted plants and bio-control products, etc. have been developed to control soil-borne diseases without harming the environment has gone. An attempt has been made to summarize the methods used at present for the management of soil borne diseases.