A Review on Unveiling the Secrets of Epitranscriptomics: RNA Modifications in Health and Diseases

Abstract

Advancements in epi transcriptomics have reshaped our understanding of RNA’s intricate roles in cellular processes and disease. This abstract provides insights into the emerging field of epi transcriptomics, highlighting its significant implications for health and disease. Epi transcriptomics has unveiled various chemical modifications decorating RNA molecules, akin to DNA’s epigenetic marks, intricately governing RNA structure and function. Modern research has elucidated the intricate mechanisms underlying these RNA modifications, emphasizing their crucial roles in various cellular processes. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent RNA modification, influences gene expression, mRNA splicing, stability, and translation, impacting cellular responses to external stimuli and their implications for diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Similarly, 5-methylcytosine (m5C), analogous to DNA methylation, governs RNA stability, translation, and immune responses, with implications for host-pathogen interactions and RNA virus replication. Pseudouridine (Ψ), the most abundant RNA modification, contributes to tRNA stability, function, and mRNA translation regulation, shedding light on its biological significance. Epi transcriptomics plays a pivotal role in various diseases, with dysregulated RNA modifications increasingly associated with cancer and neurological disorders, offering promising avenues for tailored therapies and diagnostic tools in personalized medicine. This abstract underscores the transformative impact of modern epi transcriptomics research, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize our understanding of RNA biology, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions. As research delves deeper into RNA modifications, the discoveries hold promise for novel treatments and precision medicine approaches. In the ever-evolving landscape of molecular analysis, the study of epi transcriptomics continues to illuminate the intricate workings of RNA. This research paves the way for groundbreaking advancements in personalized medicine and targeted therapeutic interventions by uncovering the nuances of RNA modifications