Qualitative phytochemical analysis of three solvents extracts of some selected macrolichens from Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, Andhra Pradesh

Abstract

Present study analyses the phytochemicals in some selected lichens of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, Andhra Pradesh. The lichen species are identified as Heterodermia diademata (Taylor) D.D. Awasthi, Parmotrema andinum (Müll. Arg.) Hale, P. grayanum (Hue) Hale, P. nilgherrense (Nyl.) Hale, P. praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale, P. reticulatum (Taylor) M. Choisy, P. tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale, Parmelinella wallichiana (Taylor) Elix and Hale, Ramalina conduplicans Vain. and Usnea baileyi (Stirt.) Zahlbr. A total of 30 crude extracts in three different solvents such as 2-Propanol, Methanol and Water were prepared. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the occurrence of tannins, saponins, glycosides, proteins and triterpenoides in all the species while alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates and steroids were found in some of the species. Aqueous extracts of all the species did not contain alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates and steroids. Out of 10 species glycosides was present in 8 species, followed by presence of tannins, alkaloids and triterpenoides in 6 species. Flavonoids and proteins were found in 5 species and saponins and carbohydrates were found in 3 species only. Steroides were reported in P. reticulatum and P. andinum. Alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, proteins, steroids, tannins and triterpenoides were reported in 2-propanol and methanolic extracts. Saponins were completely lacking in 2-propanol extracts of all the species. This is the first report with detailed phytochemicals analysis of lichens from Eastern Ghats of India.