https://myresearchjournals.com/index.php/jhssi <p>Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences invention is an open access, peer-reviewed international journal that deals with both applied and theoretical issues. The main objective of Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences invention (JHSSI) is to offer an intellectual platform to the international scholars and it aims to promote interdisciplinary studies in humanities and social sciences.</p> <p>All manuscripts must be prepared in English and are subject to a double-blind peer review process. Generally, accepted papers will appear online within 16 weeks.</p> en-US Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Invention 2581-8791 https://myresearchjournals.com/index.php/jhssi/article/view/12278 Objectives: This paper investigated the roles and challenges of Civil Society organizations (CSOs) as opposition actors in their drive towards democratic consolidation in Nigeria. As the third sector, Civil Society is known to be at the forefront in the democratization process for quite a long period, however, their contributions are continuously being relegated especially by the state who viewed them with negative lenses, particularly when they are opposed to their heinous political practices. The paper had, therefore, tried to pinpoint the tremendous task of three civil society organizations, namely Centre for Democracy and Development (CDD), Alliances for Credible Elections (ACE), and Stakeholder Democracy Network (SDN) by unveiling their unflinching roles and challenges towards democratic consolidation in Nigeria. Methodology: It achieved this objective by using a qualitative semi-structured face to face interviews supported with secondary sources of data through which thorough discussions and analysis of how the civil society organizations serve as the major player in opposition politics rather than the misperception that the political parties are majorly at the forefront in democratic consolidation process. Results: It finds out that Civil Society is more enduring and trusted in seeing that the ideals of democracy are strictly followed for the smooth consolidation of democracy in Nigeria. The study revealed that CSOs in Nigeria had promoted the reliability of election by observing every phase of the country’s electoral process. They have also stimulated policy changes in some crucial governmental socio-economic policies such as the Freedom of Information bill. Indeed, the CSO’s have promoted democratic principles of civic participation, political engagement, and tolerance in the population, thereby advancing democratic citizenship, which immensely contributed to democratic consolidation in the polity. Again, the study revealed that CSO’s faced challenges of funding, which seriously distresses their operations and sustainability. Implications: The paper concluded by suggesting that the Civil Society must devise a means of economic survival as well as further strengthens their capacity through training and retraining to fully understand how governments operate for effective and concrete criticisms that would enhance democratic productivity and development. Musa Kabir Umar Abubakar Sani Tambai ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2020-06-30 2020-06-30 2 02 18 22 https://myresearchjournals.com/index.php/jhssi/article/view/12277 This qualitative–phenomenological study unearthed the personal and meaningful experiences of the participants on the use of autonomous learning in their studies. Sixteen freshmen students were purposively chosen, and in-depth interviews were used to obtain the relevant information. The findings of the study revealed that autonomous learning is seen as an essential tool for learners to engross their learning efficiency. It allowed the participants to take responsibility for their advancements, developed their planning and prioritizing skills, improved self-decision, motivation, willingness, determination, interest to learn, heightened sense of accountability of their actions, allowed to understand their capabilities, and it was self-rewarding. However, careful planning and procedures were necessary for autonomous learning, such as readying self to learn, securing complete materials, developing the ability to ask help, setting a conducive environment, and setting specific timelines to be followed. The participants perceived these procedures were efficient in order to learn effectively. Moreover, they suggested that learners should not rely heavily on teachers rather learn to be self-directed, motivated, and delved beyond the learning horizon. It was implicated that autonomous learning is necessary, especially during this time of the pandemic, where students and teachers do not have face-to-face encounters, instead of everything is done online. Ariel E. San Jose Verny T. Cartajena Narcisa P. Decena Jisiamar C. Geromo ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2020-06-30 2020-06-30 2 02 13 17