Correlation of Cystatin C and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Uncontrolled Type 2 Dm

Abstract

Renal dysfunction is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cystatin C is identified as a promising marker of renal dysfunction and has emerged as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk. This study aims to estimate and correlate the levels of serum Cystatin C with cardiovascular risk markers in Type 2 Diabetic patients with and without glycemic control. The study population included Type 2 Diabetic patients aged between 35 and 60 years of either sex. Among 320 Diabetic patients, 120 patients were recruited and divided into group A (n= 54) with HbA1c ≤ 6.5% Hb and group B (n=66) with HbA1c > 6.5% Hb. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for FBG, Total cholesterol, TGL, HDLc, LDLc, Creatinine and HbA1c. Serum Cystatin C was estimated by immunoturbidimetric method and hs-CRP by particle enhanced immunoturbidimetric method. Non-HDLc and Cardiovascular risk ratios TC/HDLc and LDLc/HDLc was calculated. Diabetic patients with poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 6.5%) had satistically significant higher value of serum cystatin C, hs-CRP, TC, TGL, LDLc and low HDLc as compared to diabetic patients with good glycemic control. Our data revealed high serum cystatin C concentration (1.30 ± 0.42 mg/L) which correlated well with the elevated endothelial inflammatory marker hs-CRP (14.02 ± 8.33 mg/L) and also with the mean of non-HDLc (177.3 ± 44.57 mg/dL ). In the study, serum Cystatin C showed a positive correlation with HbA1c (r = 0.9) and with Cardiovascular risk markers hs-CRP (r = 0.89), non-HDLc (r = 0.66), TC: HDLc (r = 0.48) and LDLc: HDLc (r = 0.72).Serum Cystatin C, a preclinical marker of renal dysfunction can be used as a predictive marker of diabetic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk in poorly controlled Type 2 Diabetic patients.