Genetic architectural study for yield and yield contributing traits in diverse genotypes of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Abstract

Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L., 2n=2x=22) is one of the major crop belonging to the cucurbitaceae family. It is well known for its high medicinal values, possessing antiviral, antioxidant, antihepatotoxic, antiulcerogenic and antimicrobial properties. Bitter gourd extracts traditionally used as vegetable insulin possess hypoglycemic, antioxidative and antidiabetic agents that are useful in the treatment of diabetes (Behera et al. 2010). The fruits contain two alkaloids viz., momordicin and cucurbitacin. Indian bitter gourd is classified into two botanical varieties based on fruit size, shape, colour, and surface texture: (1) Momordica charantia var. charantia has large fusiform fruits, which do not taper at both ends and possess numerous triangular tubercles giving the appearance of a “crocodile’s back”; (2) Momordica charantia var. muricata (Wild), which develops small and round fruits with tubercles, more or less tapering at each end (Chakravarthy 1990). Genetic variability facilitates to establish the foundation for crop improvement. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation are useful in detecting the amount of variability present in the available genotypes whereas the study of variability, heritability and genetic advance in the germplasms will help to ascertain the real potential of the genotypes.